The flexibility of on-site makes it convenient for you and your employees without disrupting daily activity. Flexibility If you have your own industry-specific equipment that is unique to your business, our team will work with you in order to customize training. On-site training allows instructors to make adjustments to fit your needs. Firm Content. Land Use and Development. Legislative Rule. Local Amendment. Local Code.
Local Document. Local Regulation. Local Standards. Model Code. Model Standard. State Amendment. State Code. State Manual. State Plan. State Standards. Study Guide. Technical Bulletin. Click here to download full list of books. Book Keywords. This standard also includes safe work practices for employees performing other work activities that can expose them to electrical hazards as well as safe work practices for the following: 1.
Resource added for the Fire Protection Engineering Technology program This is an accident-avoiding prescription for electricians, safety managers, and inspectors, and engineers dealing with electricity any voltage level.
The National Electrical Code covers the most current standards and topics such as: renewable energy and energy storage. Designed not only for reducing the risk in work-related injuries, the NFPA 70E Handbook for Electrical Safety in the Workplace is designed to answer the reason behind the rules and regulations of job-site safety.
Attempt closure on locked-open devices. Attempt to open locked-closed devices. Make key exchange with all devices included in the interlock scheme as applicable.
Use appropriate lubrication on moving current-carrying parts and on moving and sliding surfaces. Verify correct barrier and shutter installation and operation. Exercise all active components. Inspect mechanical indicating devices for correct operation.
Perform visual and mechanical inspection of instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7. Inspect control power transformers. Inspect for physical damage, cracked insulation, broken leads, tightness of connections, defective wiring, and overall general condition. Verify that primary and secondary fuse ratings or circuit breakers match drawings.
Verify correct functioning of drawout disconnecting and grounding contacts and interlocks. Perform as-left tests. Electrical Tests 1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7. Perform insulation—resistance tests for one minute on each bus section, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground. If manufacturer has no recommendation for this test, it shall be in accordance with Table The test voltage shall be applied for one minute.
Refer to Section 7. Perform insulation-resistance tests on control wiring with respect to ground. The applied potential shall be volts dc for volt rated cable and volts dc for volt rated cable. Test duration shall be one minute. Perform electrical tests on instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7. Perform ground—resistance tests in accordance with Section 7. Determine accuracy of all meters and calibrate watthour meters in accordance with Section 7.
Control Power Transformers 1. Perform insulation-resistance tests. Perform measurements from winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Verify correct function of control transfer relays located in switchgear with multiple power sources. Perform system function tests in accordance with Section 8. Test Values 3. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections.
Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. Dielectric withstand voltage tests should not proceed until insulation-resistance levels are raised above minimum values.
If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the test, the test dielectric withstand voltage specimen is considered to have passed the test. Minimum insulation-resistance values of control wiring should be comparable to previously obtained results but not less than two megohms.
Results of electrical tests on instrument transformers should be in accordance with Section 7. Results of ground resistance tests should be in accordance with Section 7. Accuracy of meters should be in accordance with Section 7. Control transfer relays should perform as designed.
Heaters should be operational. Results of system function tests shall be in accordance with Section 8. Visual and Mechanical Inspection. Inspect physical and mechanical condition. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. Use a of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7. Verify that as-left tap connections are as specified. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Section 7.
Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Calculate the dielectric absorption ratio or polarization index. Perform turns-ratio tests at the designated tap position. Tap connections are left as found unless otherwise specified. Compare bolted electrical connection resistances to values of similar connections. The dielectric absorption ratio or polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1.
Turns-ratio test results should not deviate more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio. Inspect physical and mechanical condition including evidence of moisture and corona. Verify that control and alarm settings on temperature indicators are as specified. Verify that cooling fans operate correctly. Perform specific inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by the manufacturer. Verify the presence of surge arresters. Calculate polarization index.
Perform a power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up test on windings rated greater than 2. Perform an excitation-current test on each phase. Measure the resistance of each winding at the designated tap position.
Measure core insulation resistance at volts dc if the core is insulated and if the core ground strap is removable. Perform an applied voltage test on all high- and low-voltage windings-to-ground. Verify correct secondary voltage phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral after energization and prior to loading.
Test surge arresters in accordance with Section 7. Cooling fans should operate. Tap connections shall be left as found unless otherwise specified. The polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1. CH and CL power-factor or dissipation-factor values will vary due to support insulators and bus work utilized on dry transformers. The following should be expected on CHL power factors: Power transformers: 2. Power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up exceeding 1.
The typical excitation current test data pattern for a three-legged core transformer is two similar current readings and one lower current reading. Temperature-corrected winding-resistance values should compare within one percent of previously-obtained results.
Core insulation-resistance values should be comparable to previously-obtained results but not less than one megohm at volts dc.
AC dielectric withstand test voltage shall not exceed 65 percent of factory test voltage for one minute duration. If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the dielectric withstand voltage test, the test specimen is considered to have passed the test. Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral secondary voltages should be in agreement with nameplate data.
Test results for surge arresters shall be in accordance with Section 7. Verify the presence of PCB labeling, if applicable. Clean bushings and control cabinets. Verify operation of alarm, control, and trip circuits from temperature and level indicators, pressure relief device, and fault pressure relay, if applicable.
Verify correct liquid level in tanks and bushings. Verify that positive pressure is maintained on gas-blanketed transformers. Perform inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by the manufacturer. Test load tap-changer in accordance with Section 7. Verify the presence of transformer surge arresters. Verify de-energized tap-changer position is left as specified.
Perform insulation-resistance tests, winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Perform power-factor or dissipation-factor tests on each bushing.
If the core ground strap is accessible, remove and measure the core insulation resistance at volts dc. Measure the percentage of oxygen in the gas blanket, if applicable. The sample shall be tested for the following. Required on 25 kV or higher voltages and on all silicone-filled units.
Test the instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7. Test the surge arresters in accordance with Section 7. Test the transformer neutral grounding impedance devices, if applicable. Liquid levels in the transformer tanks and bushings should be within indicated tolerances.
Positive pressure should be indicated on pressure gauge for gas-blanketed transformers. Turns-ratio test results should not deviate by more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio. Representative values are indicated in Table Investigate bushing power-factor and capacitance values that vary from nameplate values by more than ten percent.
Typical excitation-current test data pattern for a three-legged core transformer is two similar current readings and one lower current reading. Temperature corrected winding-resistance values should compare within one percent of previously obtained results. Core insulation values should be comparable to previously obtained results but not less than one megohm at volts dc.
Investigate the presence of oxygen in the nitrogen gas blanket. Insulating liquid values should be in accordance with Table Results of electrical tests on instrument transformers shall be in accordance with Section 7. Results of surge arrester tests shall be in accordance with Section 7. Compare grounding impedance device values to previously obtained results. Inspect exposed sections of cables for physical damage and evidence of overheating. Inspect compression-applied connectors for correct cable match and indentation.
Perform an insulation-resistance test on each conductor with respect to ground and adjacent conductors. The test duration shall be one minute. Verify uniform resistance of parallel conductors.
Insulation-resistance values should be comparable to previously obtained results and similar circuits but not less than two megohms. Deviations in resistance between parallel conductors shall be investigated. Inspect exposed sections of cables for physical damage and evidence of overheating and corona. Inspect terminations and splices for physical damage, evidence of overheating, and corona.
Inspect shield grounding and cable support. Inspect fireproofing in common cable areas. If cables are terminated through window-type current transformers, inspect to verify that neutral and ground conductors are correctly placed and that shields are correctly terminated for operation of protective devices.
Perform an insulation-resistance test individually on each conductor with all other conductors and shields grounded. Perform a shield-continuity test on each power cable by ohmmeter method. It is only after careful analysis of all circuit parameters between the testing entity and the cable owner that a preferred testing method should be selected.
In accordance with ICEA, IEC, IEEE and other power cable consensus standards, testing can be performed by means of direct current, power frequency alternating current, or very low frequency alternating current. These sources may be used to perform insulation withstand tests, and diagnostic tests such as partial discharge analysis, and power factor or dissipation factor.
The selection can only be made after an evaluation of the available test methods and a review of the installed cable system. Direct current DC dielectric withstand voltage 2. Very low frequency VLF dielectric withstand voltage 3. Very low frequency VLF 2. DC insulation resistance 3. Partial discharge 1. Off line 1. The minimum bend radius to which insulated cables may be bent for permanent training shall be in accordance with Table Shielding shall exhibit continuity.
Investigate resistance values in excess of ten ohms per feet of cable. Inspect and clean ventilating openings. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections and bus joints with a low- resistance ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Section 7.
Perform insulation resistance tests on each busway for one minute, phase-to-phase and phase- to-ground. Where no dc test value is shown in Table Perform a contact-resistance test on each connection point of uninsulated busway.
On insulated busway, measure resistance of assembled busway sections and compare values with the adjacent phases. Verify operation of busway space heaters. Minimum resistance values are for a nominal foot busway run. Dielectric withstand voltage tests shall not proceed until insulation-resistance levels are raised above minimum values. Inspect anchorage, alignment, grounding, and required clearances.
Verify correct blade alignment, blade penetration, travel stops, and mechanical operation. Verify that fuse sizes and types are in accordance with drawings, short-circuit study, and coordination study. Verify that each fuse has adequate mechanical support and contact integrity. Verify operation and sequencing of interlocking systems. Verify phase-barrier mounting is intact. Verify correct operation of indicating and control devices.
Measure contact resistance across each switchblade and fuseholder. Perform insulation-resistance tests for one minute on each pole, phase-to-phase and phase-to- ground with switch closed and across each open pole.
Measure fuse resistance. Verify cubicle space heater operation. Perform a ground-fault test in accordance with Section 7. Perform tests on other protective devices in accordance with Section 7.
Investigate fuse-resistance values that deviate from each other by more than 15 percent. Ground fault tests should be in accordance with Section 7. Results of protective device tests should be in accordance with Section 7.
Verify correct blade alignment, blade penetration, travel stops, arc interrupter operation, and mechanical operation. Verify that fuse sizes and types are in accordance with drawings, short-circuit studies, and coordination study.
Verify that expulsion-limiting devices are in place on all fuses having expulsion-type elements. Verify that each fuseholder has adequate mechanical support and contact integrity.
Verify that phase-barrier mounting is intact. Verify correct operation of all indicating and control devices. Measure contact resistance across each switchblade assembly and fuseholder. Perform a dielectric withstand voltage test on each pole with switch closed. Test each pole-to- ground with all other poles grounded. Investigate fuse resistance values that deviate from each other by more than 15 percent. Prior to cleaning insulators, perform as-found tests, if required.
Clean the insulators. Verify correct operation and adjustment of motor operator limit switches and mechanical interlocks, if applicable. Record as-found and as-left operation counter readings. Perform a contact-resistance test across each switchblade and fuseholder.
Perform insulation-resistance tests on all control wiring with respect to ground. Operation counter should advance one digit per close-open cycle. Verify that each fuseholder has adequate mechanical support and contact integrity, if applicable.
Verify that fuse sizes and types are in accordance with drawings, short circuit studies, and coordination study. Test all electrical and mechanical interlock systems for correct operation and sequencing. Verify that insulating oil level is correct. Record as-found and as-left operation counter readings, if applicable. Perform insulation-resistance tests for one minute on each pole, phase-to-phase and phase-to- ground with the switch closed, and across each open pole.
Sample shall be tested in accordance with the referenced standard. Operations counter should advance one digit per close-open cycle. Insulation-resistance values of control wiring should be comparable to previously obtained results but not less than two megohms. Insulating liquid test results should be in accordance with Table Measure critical distances on operating mechanism as recommended by the manufacturer. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter.
See Section 7. Inspect insulating assemblies for evidence of physical damage or contaminated surfaces. Verify that each fuseholder has adequate support and contact integrity. Verify that insulating oil level is correct, if applicable. Perform resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter, if applicable. Perform insulation-resistance tests for one minute on each pole, phase-to-phase and phase-to- ground with switch closed, and across each open pole.
The sample shall be tested in accordance with the referenced standard. Verify open and close operation from control devices, if applicable. If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the vacuum bottle integrity test, the test specimen is considered to have passed the test.
Results of open and close operation from control devices should be in accordance with system design. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests, if applicable. Verify correct operation of SF6 gas pressure alarms and limit switches, if applicable, as recommended by the manufacturer.
Measure critical distances as recommended by the manufacturer. Perform resistance measurements through accessible bolted electrical connections with a low- resistance ohmmeter, if applicable. Perform a contact-resistance test. Remove a sample of SF6 gas and test in accordance with Table Results of SF6 gas tests should be in accordance with Table Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding, if applicable.
Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests. Verify correct blade alignment, blade penetration, travel stops, latching mechanism, and mechanical operation. Verify that fuse size and types are in accordance with drawings, short-circuit study, and coordination study.
Measure contact resistance across each cutout. Perform a dielectric withstand voltage test on each pole, phase to ground with cutout closed.
Ground adjacent cutouts, if applicable. Inspect anchorage and alignment. Operate the circuit breaker to insure smooth operation. Inspect operating mechanism, contacts, and arc chutes in unsealed units. Perform adjustments for final protective device settings in accordance with coordination study provided by end user.
Perform insulation-resistance tests for one minute on each pole, phase-to-phase and phase-to- ground with the circuit breaker closed, and across each open pole. Determine long-time pickup and delay by primary current injection. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary current injection. Determine ground-fault pickup delay by primary current injection.
Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary injection. Test functions of the trip unit by means of secondary injection.
Perform minimum pickup voltage test on shunt trip and close coils in accordance with Table Verify correct operation of auxiliary features such as trip and pickup indicators, zone interlocking, electrical close and trip operation, trip-free, antipump function, and trip unit battery condition. Reset all trip logs and indicators. Verify operation of charging mechanism. Settings shall comply with coordination study recommendations.
Breaker open, close, trip, trip-free, antipump, and auxiliary features should function as designed. Trip logs and indicators are reset. Verify that all maintenance devices are available for servicing and operating the breaker.
Inspect arc chutes. Inspect moving and stationary contacts for condition, wear, and alignment. Verify that primary and secondary contact wipe and other dimensions vital to satisfactory operation of the breaker are correct. Verify cell fit and element alignment. Verify racking mechanism operation. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by primary current injection. Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary current injection.
Perform operator analysis first-trip test. Inspect puffer operation. Perform time-travel analysis. Record as-found and as-left operation-counter readings. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter, if applicable.
With the breaker in a test position, perform the following tests: 1. Trip and close breaker with the control switch.
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